The End of Europe's Middle Ages

The images used in this tutorial are linked to their home site. If you wish to learn the origin of an image, please consult the list below or go to the image in the tutorial. Unless otherwise noted, all images used in this tutorial are copyrighted by the owners of the image. Redistribution or republication, in any medium, requires written consent from the owners of the image.

We have made every reasonable effort to trace ownership or obtain permission to reproduce the images used in this site. We welcome information on errors and omissions. If you find any, please contact the Applied History Research Group at the University of Calgary.

A Florentine Banking Scene

Medieval Trade Routes, The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

Banking in the Middle Ages link:

The Moneylender and his Wife. Quentin Massys, 1514. http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/html/m/massys/index.html

Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami. Jan van Eyck, 1434. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/eyck/arnolfini/

Black Death link:

The Spread of the Black Death, The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

Subinfeudation link:

Feudal hierarchy of power. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

Description of a Manor House link:

Detail from the month of September. From Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/rh/3.html

Henry V of England. http://haas.berkeley.edu/~schwarz/hundred/history.htm

Henry VII (Henry Tudor) of England. Michael Sittow, 1505. http://tudor.simplenet.com/henry7/

Hundred Years' War (1337-1453) link:

Maps of France, The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

New Monarchies: France

Many Templars were burned as heretics at the stake. http://home.sol.no/~noetic/demola.htm

Charles VII of France. Jean Fouquet. http://www.stjoan-center.com/

Joan of Arc - From a book of poety by the Duc d'Orleans, 1450. http://www.stjoan-center.com/

Louis XI of France - The Spider King. http://www.worldnet.net/~taddio/l11.htm.

New Monarchies: Spain

Iberian Peninsula, 1300. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

The Virgin of the Catholic Monarchs, Anonymous Spanish master. c.1490. The Virgin enthroned with the Child between Ferdinand V and Isabella I of Spain. http://museoprado.mcu.es/prado/html/ihome.html

The Reconquista link:

Maps, the Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

New Monarchies: Portugal

Prince Henry the Navigator with the young Alfonso V. http://www.thornr.demon.co.uk/kchrist/phenry.html

An early sixteenth century map showing the line through South America, separating the Spanish and Portuguese territories according to the Treaty of Tordesillas. http://www.npcts.edu/acad/history/WebChron/Americas/Tordesillas.html

Sigismund at the Council of Constance. From Chronicle of the Council of Constance. http://www.unesco.org/webworld/mdm/visite/constantin/en/present1.html

Albert II. http://www.booksatoz.com/

Frederick III. http://www.booksatoz.com/

Maximilian I. http://www.booksatoz.com/

Map of the Holy Roman Empire and Central Europe, c. 1490. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

Origin's of the Holy Roman Empire link:

Map of Europe in 768 A.D. Tony Belmonte's Historical Atlas of Europe and the Middle East. http://www.ma.org/maps/map.html

Map of the Carolingian Empire. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

The Holy Roman Empire in 1190. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

Map of Italy in the Fifteenth Century. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

Palazzo Vecchio, Florence. http://www.italink.com/

Map of Florence 'the catena.' 1470. http://www.italink.com/

Sforza family home and fortress. http://www.CityLightsNews.com/ztmig7.htm

Doges Palace, Venice. http://www.freefoto.com/pictures/italy/venice/index.asp

Palazzo Ducale. http://www.geo.it/venice/itinerari/PalazzoDucale.html

Vendettas link:

Home of the Montecchi family. http://www.verona-apt.net/

Thirteenth century balcony. http://www.verona-apt.net/

The Medici in Florence link:

The Adoration of the Magi. Alessandro Botticelli, 1470-1475. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/botticelli/

The Visconti and Szorza of Milan link:

Galeazzo Maria Sforza, Francesco Sforza's son. http://musa.uffizi.firenze.it/Dipinti/pollsforzaE9.html

Eastern Europe, c. 1346. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary

Louis I the Great. From the Gallery of Polish Kings. Jan Matejko c. 1838-1893. http://projects.edte.utwente.nl/masters/spizewsk/pl_kings/matejko.htm

Sigismund of Hungary. http://members.wbs.net/homepages/m/a/r/martinls309.html

Siege of Belgrade, 1456. From a fifteenth-century Turkish manuscript.

Matthias Corvinus. From a marble relief, 1485-1490.

Kasimir III. From the Gallery of Polish Kings. Jan Matejko, c. 1838-1893. http://projects.edte.utwente.nl/masters/spizewsk/pl_kings/matejko.htm

Jadwiga. From the Gallery of Polish Kings. Jan Matejko, c. 1838-1893. http://projects.edte.utwente.nl/masters/spizewsk/pl_kings/matejko.htm

Wladislaw II Jagiello. From the Gallery of Polish Kings. Jan Matejko, c. 1838-1893. http://projects.edte.utwente.nl/masters/spizewsk/pl_kings/matejko.htm

Battle of Tannengerg. 1410.

Kasimir IV. From the Gallery of Polish Kings. Jan Matejko, c. 1838-1893. http://projects.edte.utwente.nl/masters/spizewsk/pl_kings/matejko.htm

Eastern Europe, c. 1490. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

Krakow in 1492. From a woodcut. c. 1493. http://www.cyf-kr.edu.pl/KRAKOW/UM/ang/history/dates.shtml

Ottoman Advance. The Applied History Research Group, University of Calgary.

Page from a late-fifteenth century Koran. http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/Ext/Koran.html

Portrait of Sultan Mehmed II the Conqueror. Late fifteenth century. http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/portraits.html

Siege of Vienna (1529). From a sixteenth-century Turkish manuscript, Huner-nama (Book of Skills). Istanbul, 1588. http://www.ee.bilkent.edu.tr/~history/ottoman2.html

The Mystical Marriage of Catherine of Siena. Barna da Siena, 1340. http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/b/barna/index.html

Image of Jan Hus being made ready to be burned at the stake following the Council of Constance. http://www.cuni.cz/foto/janhus.jpg

Pope Honorius III approving the Rule of Saint Francis. http://www.christusrex.org/www1/ofm/fra/FRAlife5.html

Imitation of Christ link:

Page from Imitatio Christi. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/

Fourteenth century German classroom. From Staatliche Museum, Berlin. http://www.smb.spk-berlin.de/e/index.html

Dante. Unknown artist, 1530. http://gallery.euroweb.hu/html/m/master/xunk_it/

Giovanni Boccaccio. http://www.brown.edu/Research/Decameron/

The Impact of the Printing Press link:

Print Shop.

William Langland and Piers Plowman link:

Peasant plowing field. Les Très Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. http://humanities.uchicago.edu/images/heures/heures.html

Inferno: La divina commedia link:

Dante's Inferno. http://martin.carthage.edu/departments/english/dante/

Scholar. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/

The School of Athens. Raphael. c.1510. The heavenly Plato points skyward and the pragmatic Aristotle points towards earth. http://www.christusrex.org/www1/stanzas/S2-Segnatura.html

Roger Bacon. http://history.hanover.edu/texts.htm

St. Albertus Magnus. http://www-groups.dcs.st-andrews.ac.uk/~history/Mathematicians/Albertus.html

Vision of St. Thomas Aquinas. Stefano di Giovanni Sassetta. 1423. Pinacoteca, Vatican. http://www.knuten.liu.se/~bjoch509/philosophers/aqu.html

Aristotelianism link:

A page from a medieval copy of Aristotle's Opera Logica. http://www.columbia.edu/cu/lweb/

Abbey Church of St. Denis. http://rubens.anu.edu.au/

Flying buttresses from Reims Cathedral. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

West façade, Amiens Cathedral. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Salisbury Cathedral. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Cloister walk. Gloucester Cathedral. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Façade of Frauenkirche (Church of Our Lady). http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Santa Croce in Florence. View of the nave. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Florence Cathedral. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Florence Cathedral. View of the nave. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Milan Cathedral. View of the façade. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Church of San Lorenzo in Florence. View of the nave. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Church of San Francesco in Rimini. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

House of Jacques Coeur. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Palazzo Vecchio, Florence.

Ca' d'Oro in Venice. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Visual Arts: Sculpture

Detail from portal of Reims Cathedral. http://www.learn.columbia.edu/gothicsculpt/PAGES/page01.html

Virgin of Paris, Notre Dame

Ekkehard and Uta. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Detail from the Well of Moses, by Claus Sluter for the Chartreuse de Champmol. Dijon, France.

Detail of Nicola Pisano's pulpit. 1255-1260. http://www.tulane.edu/lester/text/lester.html

Detail of Giovanni Pisano's pulpit. 1302-1310. http://www.thais.it/scultura/pisagiov.htm

Sacrifice of Isaac. Door panel from the Baptistry in Florence. Lorenzo Ghiberti. 1401. http://www.thais.it/scultura/default_uk.htm

Prophet. Donatello. One of a series of statues carved between 1423 and 1425 for Giotto's Campanile. http://www.thais.it/scultura/default_uk.htm

David. Donatello. http://www.thais.it/scultura/default_uk.htm

La Madonna del Roseto. Luca della Robbia. Terracotta with glass. http://www.thais.it/scultura/default_uk.htm

Detail of bronze of Hercules and Anteas. Antonio del Pollaiuolo. http://www.thais.it/scultura/default_uk.htm

Pietà. Michaelangelo Buonarroti. 1499. http://www.thais.it/scultura/default_uk.htm

Visual Arts: Painting

"Stained Glass" Manuscript. http://www.owlnet.rice.edu/~hart205/

Detail of Flight into Egypt. From Altarpiece of Jacques. Melchior Broederlam. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/

The month of June. Les Tregrave;s Riches Heures du Duc de Berry. The Limbourg Brothers. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/rh/

Sample of block print. Sol and His Children. From a mid-fifteenth century blockbook. http://www.billyandcharlie.com/planets/

Flagellation of Christ. Martin Schongauer. http://www.ukans.edu/~sma/prints.html

Detail from Maestà Panel. Christ entering Jerusalem. Duccio. 1308-11. http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/index1.html

The Lamentation. Giotto. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/

Carrying of the Cross. Simone Martini. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth /

Detail of Effect of Good Government on the City Life. Fresco. Palazzo Pubblico, Siena. Ambrogio Lorenzetti. 1338-40. http://www.kfki.hu/~arthp/index1.html

Detail of The Adoration of the Magi. Gentile da Fabriano. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/

Merode Altarpiece. Master of Flemalle. http://www.wenet.net/~sonnyj/AH1/index.html

Marriage of Giovanni Arnolfini and Giovanna Cenami. Jan van Eyck. 1434. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/

Sculptural detail of the exterior wings of the Ghent Altrapiece. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/

Descent from the Cross. Rogier van der Weyden. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/

Holy Trinity with the Virgin. Masaccio. http://www.wenet.net/~sonnyj/AH1/index.html

Madonna and Child with Angels. Fra Filippo Lippi. c. 1455. http://www.wenet.net/~sonnyj/AH1/index.html

Presentation in the Temple. Fra Angelico. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/

Birth of Venus. Sandro Botticelli. http://sunsite.unc.edu/wm/paint/auth/

Musician Angel. Giovan Battista di Jacopo (Il Rosso Fiorentino). c. 1520. From the Uffizi Gallery in Florence. http://www.uffizi.firenze.it/welcomeE.html

Detail of the Fesler Manuscript. Antiphonale-Responsoriale 16th Century Choir Book from Iberia. Hill Monastic Manuscript Library. http://www.hmml.org/exhibits/fesler/fesler.html

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