| Monarchy | |
| Republic | |
| Empire | |
| Divided Empire |
| B.C.E.: | |
| 753 - Rome founded by Romulus (traditional date) | |
| 510 - Rome's last king, Tarquin Superbus, is overthrown in a rebellion | |
| 509 - Republic of Rome established | |
| 508 - Rome makes a treaty with Carthage; Etruscans attack Rome, but do not capture it | |
| 496 - Romans defeat the Latins | |
| 494 - Plebieans of Rome revolt against the Patricians and gain their freedom; Office of tribune is created | |
| 493 - Latin League is formed to unify Latium against the Etruscans | |
| 450 - Law of Twelve Tables is published; Romans cololnize Italy | |
| 440 - Plebians and Patricians are allowed to marry | |
| 391 - Romans subjugate the Etruscans | |
| 390 - Rome sacked by Gauls | |
| 366 - 1st Plebeian council elected | |
| 335 - Romans found Ostia | |
| 341 - First Samnite War | |
| 340-337 - Revolt and end of the Latin League | |
| 327-304 - Second Samnite War | |
| 312 - Construction begins on the Appian Way | |
| 310 - Etruscans attack Rome but are defeated | |
| 306 - Rome and Carthage sign a trade treaty | |
| 304 - Rome and Samites make peace. Rome gains the area around Naples | |
| 300 - Rome and Carthage sign a treaty | |
| 298-291 - Romans at war with Tarentum and Pyrrhus | |
| 290 - Rome defeats the Samnites, making Rome the dominant power in central Italy | |
| 272 - Romans capture Tarrentum | |
| 264 - Romans capture Volsinii; First gladiatorial games held in Rome | |
| 264-241 - First Punic War-> Rome annexes Corsica, Sardinia, and Sicily; Aurelian Way completed | |
| 225 - Romans defeat the Italian Celts | |
| 215-205 - First Macedonian War | |
| 218-201 - Second Punic War-> Carthage cedes Spain to Rome; Hannibal invades Italy | |
| 200-196 - Second Macedonian War | |
| 197 - Rome defeats Macedonians; Spain becomes a Roman province | |
| 190 - Rome defeats Syria | |
| 173 - Epicurians driven from Rome | |
| 171 - Macedonians attack Rome but are defeated | |
| 149 - Macedonia becomes a Roman province | |
| 150-146 - Third Punic War-> Carthage destroyed | |
| 146 - Rome sacks Corinth and makes all of Greece a Roman province; African and Macedonian provinces created | |
| 135-132 - Slave Rebellion in Sicily | |
| 133-122 - Gracchus brothers influence Roman politics | |
| 113 - Province created in Asia Minor | |
| 103-102 - Second Sicilian Slave Rebellion | |
| 91-88 - Rome goes through a civil war | |
| 89 - Romans (under Sulla) gain control of Italy; Italians granted Roman citizenship | |
| 87 - Sulla conquers Athens; All Italians granted Roman citizenship | |
| 82 - Rome enters another civil war; Sulla becomes dictator and restores the power of the Senate | |
| 78 - Sulla dies-> Pompey comes to power | |
| 73-71 - Sparticus leads a revolt of slaves and gladiators and is killed along with most of his folowers | |
| 65 - Pompey conquers Palestine | |
| 63 - Pompey annexes Syria and Judaea | |
| 60 - First Triumvirate (Caesar, Pompey, Crassus) formed | |
| 58-51 - Julias Caesar conquers Gaul (Gallic War) | |
| 55 - Rome invades Britain but does not conquer it; Pompey's Theater built (first stone theatre in Rome) | |
| 53 - Crassus is killed | |
| 52 - Pompey appointed sole consul of Rome | |
| 51 - Gaul becomes a Roman province | |
| 49 - Julius Ceasar crosses the Rubicon; Julius Caesar occupies Rome | |
| 48 - Forum Julius Caesar begins; Pompey is assassinated in Egypt | |
| 48-45 - Julius Caesar campaigns in Africa, Asia Minor, Egypt, and Spain | |
| 46 - Julias Caesar becomes dictator for 10 years | |
| 45 - Julian calendar created- used until 1592 CE | |
| 44 - Julius Caesar assassinated on March 15th | |
| 43 - Second Triumvriate formed (Octavian, Antony, Lepidus) | |
| 42 - Caesar is deified; Brutus and Cassius die | |
| 36 - Octavian defeats Pompey-> Pompey dies | |
| 31 - Octavian defeats Mark Antony and Cleopatra-> Mark Antony and Cleopatra committ suicide; Egypt becomes a Roman province | |
| 27 - Octavian becomes consul of Rome | |
| 23 - Octavian resigns as consul but becomes princep ("First Citizen") of Rome (essentially Emperor of Rome), although he will never formally adopt the title of Emperor | |
| 15 - Roman lands extend to the upper Danube | |
| C.E.: | |
| 6 - Judea becomes a Roman province | |
| 14 - Augustus dies, and Tiberius becomes the second Emperor | |
| 43 - Romans invade Britain and found Londinium (London) | |
| 54 - Nero becomes Emperor | |
| 64 - Fires destroy most of Rome | |
| 70 - Titus captures Jerusalem, and destroys the Jewish temple (Disapora) | |
| 79 - Mt. Vesuvius erupts burrying Pompeii, Herculaneum, and Stabiae | |
| 80 - Fires once again ravage Rome; Baths of Titus and the Coloseum are completed | |
| 122 - Hadrian comissions the building of a wal in Britain to keep out the Scots and the Picts | |
| 124 - The rebuilding of the Roman Pantheon is completed | |
| 161-180 - Rule of Marcus Aurelius | |
| 250 - Decius institutes "Emperor-Worship" and persecutes the Christians | |
| 286 - Diocletian splits the Empire | |
| 284-305 - Diocletian's changes the government to Despotism and moves the capital to Byzantium | |
| 306 - Constantine declared ruler of the Eastern Empire | |
| 308 - Maxentius declared ruler of the Western Empire | |
| 312-337 - Rule of Constantine | |
| 313 - Edict of Milan is instituted, allowing Christianity to be practiced in the Empire | |
| 324 - Constantine reunites the Empire | |
| 325 - Council of Nicea | |
| 330 - Capital is renamed Constantinople (formerly Byzantium) | |
| 337 - Death of Constantine, and the rule of his sons (Constantine II, Constans, and Constantius) | |
| 351 - Constantius reunites the Empire | |
| 363 - Mesopotamia is lost to the Persians | |
| 364 - Empire is divided between Valentine in the West and Valens in the East | |
| 369 - Scots and Picts driven from Roman parts of Britain | |
| 383 - Roman legions leave Britain | |
| 394 - Theodosius reunites the Empire for the final time | |
| 395 - The Empire is permenantly divided | |
| 410 - Rome sacked by Visigoths | |
| 430 - St. Augustine dies | |
| 439 - Vandals sack Carthage | |
| 452 - Attila invades northern Italy | |
| 455 - Vandals sack Rome | |
| 476 - Romulus Agustus, the last Roman Emperor, is deposed by the Goths | |
B.C.E. (Before Common Era) = B.C.
C.E. (Common Era) = A.D.